PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers

PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers

Read each case study and construct a PICO(T) formatted question. After you are finished, next is the answer which is our expert’s clinical question. There may be more than one right answer, so do not be discouraged. However, this is a great guide on how to formulate  PICO(T) questions.

1. 1. Case 1, part 1
      A nurse who works in a nursing home has noticed that many of the elderly male residents who develop heart failure also have a history of myocardial infarction (heart attack). The nurse is aware that all of these men are on Medicaid. The nurse wonders if there is any relationship between these factors. Type a clinical question that pertains to this case.

      Answer:

      The expert’s question is: Are elderly male residents on Medicaid with a history of myocardial infarction more likely to experience heart failure? Was your answer similar to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one right answer.

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1. 1. 2. Case 1, part 2
      Review the expert’s clinical question. Are elderly male residents on Medicaid with a history of myocardial infarction more likely to experience heart failure? Identify the PICO(T) elements that are in the clinical question.

      Answer:

      The expert answers are below:

      P = elderly male residents on Medicaid
      I = history of myocardial infarction
      C = no history of myocardial infarction
      O = occurrence of heart failure
      T = no time element in this question

      How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer.

 

1. 1. Case 1, part 3 
      Review the expert’s PICO elements.

      P = elderly male residents on Medicaid
      I = history of myocardial infarction
      C = no history of myocardial infarction
      O = occurrence of heart failure T = no time element in this question
      What search terms would you consider that are likely to match terms in the database?

      Answer:

      The expert’s key terms for each element are below: P = male residents on Medicaid = Medicaid; limits or options could be set for the male gender and an older age group I = history of myocardial infarction = myocardial infarction C = no history of myocardial infarction = The term “myocardial infarction” has already been entered. Adding the word “no” would not add anything meaningful to the search; therefore, you should leave this blank. O = occurrence of heart failure = heart failure T = no time element in this question

      How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer. PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers.

      Conduct a search using these terms in EBSCO/CINAHL and PubMed/Medline to find research-based evidence. Did you find research reports that could guide your decision making? If not, how could you adjust the search terms to obtain relevant results.

 

1. 1. Case 2, part 1 
      An occupational health nurse is developing a program to help employees stop smoking. The nurse would like to offer options proven effective by research-based evidence and wonders if alternative approaches, such acupuncture or hypnosis, should be included. Type a clinical question that pertains to this case.

      Answer:

      Are alternative approaches, such as hypnotic sessions or acupuncture treatments, effective in helping adults stop smoking cigarettes? Was your clinical question similar to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one right answer.

 

1. 1. Case 2, part 2
      Review the expert’s clinical question, and identify the PICO(T) elements: Are alternative approaches, such as hypnotic sessions or acupuncture treatments, effective in helping adults stop smoking cigarettes?

      Answer:

      The expert answers are below:

      P = adults who smoke cigarettes
      I = hypnosis sessions or acupuncture treatments
      C = no treatments
      O = stop smoking
      T = no time element in this question

      How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer. PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers.

 

1. 1. Case 2, part 3
      Review the expert’s PICO(T) elements.
      P = adults who smoke cigarettes
      I = hypnosis sessions or acupuncture treatments
      C = no treatments
      O = stop smoking
      T = no time element in this question

      What terms would you consider using when searching that are likely to match the database?

      Answer:

      The expert’s key terms for each element are below:
      P = adults who smoke cigarettes = limits or options could be set for the age group adults; smoking is already in the Outcome and does not need to be repeated as a key term here.
      I = hypnosis sessions = hypnosis; acupuncture treatments = acupuncture
      C = no treatments = cold turkey
      O = stop smoking = smoking cessation
      T = no time element in this question How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer.

      Conduct a search using these terms in EBSCO/CINAHL and PubMed/Medline to find research-based evidence. Did you find research reports that could guide your decision making? If not, how could you adjust the search terms to obtain relevant results.

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1. 1. Case 3, part 1
      The nurse manager of a unit with surgical patients receives a retrospective chart audit that indicates a rising incidence of falls. The nurse manager just read an article in a nursing magazine about nursing rounds and wonders whether nursing rounds would be a useful approach to reduce patient falls. Type a clinical question that pertains to this case.

      Answer:

      The expert’s clinical question is: Do nursing rounds reduce the number of falls in hospitalized surgical patients? Was your clinical question similar to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one right answer. PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers.

 

1. 1. Case 3, part 2
      Review the expert’s clinical question, and identify the PICO(T) elements: Do nursing rounds reduce the number of falls in hospitalized surgical patients?

      Answer:

      The expert answers are below:

      P = hospitalized surgical patients
      I = nursing rounds
      C = Silent or absent. It is assumed that all nurses make rounds, but they are not the type under investigation; therefore, the answer “no nursing rounds” is inappropriate. Leave the Comparison element “silent” or “absent.”
      O = reduced number of falls
      T = no time element in this question

      How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer.

 

1. Case 3, part 3:
   Review the expert’s PICO elements.

   P = hospitalized surgical patients
   I = nursing rounds
   C = Silent or absent. It is assumed that all nurses make rounds, but they are not the type under investigation; therefore, the answer “no nursing rounds” is inappropriate. Leave the Comparison element “silent” or “absent.”
   O = reduced number of falls
   T = no time element in this question

   What search terms would you consider that are likely to match terms in the database?

   Answer:

   The expert’s key terms for each element are below:

   P = hospitalized surgical patients = The P is the last element searched. If you find you have too many returns by searching on just the I and the O, consider entering “hospital” as a key term. Avoid “patient,” as it is generic and would not lead to more relevant returns.
   I = nursing rounds = nursing rounds
   C = silent = no key term
   O = reduced number of falls = falls; accidental falls
   T = no time element in this question

   How do your answers compare to the expert’s? Remember, there may be more than one correct answer.

   Conduct a search using these terms in CINAHL and Medline to find research-based evidence. Did you find research reports that could guide your decision making? PICO(T) Question Examples – NR439 EBP Essay Assignment Papers