Low-grade cervical dysplasia essay
Given that S.V. was diagnosed with low-grade cervical dysplasia, I expect her to be worried about lesions and cancer. I would help explain that, “lesions classified as CIN 1 are considered low grade, with a high rate of spontaneous regression, whereas CIN 3 lesions are high grade (i.e., severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ)” (Flagg, Torrone, & Weinstock, 2016, p. 2212). Since S.V. has a low-grade cervical dysplasia, she should not be high risk. Given her age and her diagnosis, it looks like she should have a good prognosis. “It is hoped that viral causes of cancer mortality can be reduced by effective vaccination strategies” (Hammer & Stephen McPhee, 2019, p. 110). low-grade cervical dysplasia essay Vaccinations can help decrease the chances of getting HPV. If we can get the younger adults and teens to get the vaccine, it will help prevent HPV all together. “Cervical cytology by Pap smear is a simple, safe, and cost-effective test to detect premalignant and malignant cervical lesions at an early stage, thus facilitating early diagnosis and efficient patient treatment” (Cobucci, et. al., 2016, p. 76). Early detection is key. Since she found out on a routine pap smear, this is a good sign. A re-peat pap smear may be needed in about 6 months. Also, S.V. is married. She may have many different emotions from this diagnosis. “Emotional support is needed because research has shown feelings such as sadness, denial, fear, and concern” (Gonçalves Dalmacio, Souza da Costa, da Silva Souza, & Ferreira de Aguiar, 2019). She may be wondering, if her or her husband have had HPV for a while or is her husband cheating on her low-grade cervical dysplasia essay.
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References
Cobucci, R. N. O., et. al. (2016). Pap test accuracy and severity of squamous intraepithelial lesion. Indian Journal of Cancer, 53(1), 74-76. http://dx.doi.org.americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/10.4103/0019-509X.180825
Flagg, E. W., Torrone, E. A., & Weinstock, H. (2016). Ecological Association of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination with Cervical Dysplasia Prevalence in the United States, 2007-2014. American Journal of Public Health, 106(12), 2211-2218.http://dx.doi.org.americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303472
Gonçalves Dalmacio, N. C., Souza da Costa, B. E., da Silva Souza, S. C., & Ferreira de Aguiar, V. F. (2019). Perception of the Woman with HPV and Her Self-Care. Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 13, 45-51. http://dx.doi.org.americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2019.237305
Hammer, G. & McPhee, S. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical. low-grade cervical dysplasia essay
low-grade cervical dysplasia essay Discussion 1
See Van, a 35-year-old married Hmong-American woman recently underwent an annual Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) at her Certified Nurse Midwife’s practice, and the results were abnormal. Her provider diagnosed her with low-grade cervical dysplasia. What alterations at the cellular level would you expect to see with this diagnosis? Provide and discuss with your colleagues S. V.’s prognosis. Support your discussion with citations from the textbook, external credible literature and/or reliable electronic sources.
Remember to respond to at least two of your peers. Please refer to the Course Syllabus for Participation Guidelines & Grading Criteria.
According to Amy Mone at Johns Hopkins Medicine, Cervical Dysplasia is marked by an irregular growth of cells on the surface of the cervix. It is considered a precancerous condition and is most commonly caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (Mone, 2017). According to the American Cancer Society, Cervical Dysplasia can be diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The differences between the two grades is determined based on how they affect the epithelial cells. With a LSIL, the Human Papillomavirus affects the host squamous cells (Voltaggio et al., 2016). To be considered a low-grade cervical dysplasia, there needs to be a presence of proliferation in the basal cells that extends no more than one‐third of the way up the epithelial thickness (Voltaggio et al., 2016). Mitotic activity for LSIL is mostly seen in the lower layers of the epithelium and in the upper two-thirds of the epithelium, the cells will differentiate and increase in cytoplasm (Voltaggio et al., 2016). The nucleus will also increase in size and abnormalities with LSIL (Voltaggio et al., 2016). Cells will also begin to develop halo‐like vacuoles around the nucleus in some cases (Voltaggio et al., 2016) low-grade cervical dysplasia essay. Diagnostically, both grades of cervical dysplasia have abnormalities in all layers of the epithelium, but the dissimilarity is whether or not the lesion’s viral production is under control (Voltaggio et al., 2016). The progression of this disease occurs slowly over years. See Van’s abnormal Pap test suggests the need for follow-up. Women with minor changes can repeat their Pap test in four to six months for two years (Lewis et al., 2017). In most cases, eighty percent of woman who had a previously abnormal Pap test revert to normal spontaneously (Lewis et al., 2017) low-grade cervical dysplasia essay.
References
Lewis, S. M., Bucher, L., Heitkemper, M. M., Harding, M., Kwong, J., & Roberts, D. (2017). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Mone, A. (2017, July 17). Cervical Dysplasia: Kimmel Cancer Center. Retrieved August 16, 2020, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/cancers_we_treat/cervical_dysplasia/about_cervical_dysplasia/
Voltaggio, L., Cimino-Mathews, A., Bishop, J. A., Argani, P., Cuda, J. D., Epstein, J. I., Montgomery, E. A. (2016). Current concepts in the diagnosis and pathobiology of intraepithelial neoplasia: A review by organ system. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 66(5), 408-436. doi:10.3322/caac.21350 low-grade cervical dysplasia essay