Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis - All ShadowHealthAssessments

In this Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis Assignment, you examine a case study below and analyze the symptoms presented. You will identify cell, gene, and/or process elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Scenario: A 49-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis comes into the clinic with a chief complaint of a fever. Patient’s current medications include atorvastatin 40 mg at night, methotrexate 10 mg po every Friday morning and prednisone 5 mg po qam. He states that he has had a fever up to 101 degrees F for about a week and admits to chills and sweats. He says he has had more fatigue than usual and reports some chest pain associated with coughing. He admits to having occasional episodes of hemoptysis. He works as a grain inspector at a large farm cooperative. After extensive work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Invasive aspergillosis. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis.
The Assignment (1-to 2-page case study analysis) Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:
• Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
• Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
• Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

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Readings/Resources
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents(pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases,
Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Chapter 8: Adaptive Immunity (stop at Generation of clonal diversity); Summary Review
Chapter 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation (stop at Deficiencies in immunity); Summary Review
Chapter 10: Infection (stop at Infectious parasites and protozoans); (start at HIV); Summary Review
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease (stop at Stress, illness & coping); Summary Review Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology (stop at Resistance to destruction); Summary Review
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology (stop at Environmental-Lifestyle factors); Summary Review
Note: You previously read these chapters in Week 1 and you are encouraged to review once again for this week.

Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/

Credit Line: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (2019, June 18). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/. Used with permission of Stat Pearls. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis

Note: This article was presented in the Week 1 resources. If you read it previously you are encouraged to review it this week.

Immunity and Inflammation
Khan Academy (2010, February 24). Inflammatory response | Human anatomy and physiology | Health & medicine [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXSuEIMrPQk
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 14 minutes.

Soo, P. (2018, July 28). Pathophysiology Ch 10 alterations in immune function [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 37 minutes.

Acid-Base Balance #1
MedCram. (2012, April 28). Medical acid base balance, disorders & ABGs explained clearly [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wMEMhvrQxE Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 13 minutes. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis

Case Study Analysis

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Institution

In individuals suffering from invasive aspergillosis, fever is a common symptom accompanied by cough and asthma and other varying symptoms. Invasive aspergillosis describes a rapidly progressive infection that affects severely immunosuppressed patients. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis. Occasionally, the infection is considered to be fatal particularly in individuals with chronic granulomatous disease, advanced AIDS or those who have received solid organ or bone marrow transplant. This paper presents a case study analysis of a 49-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis with a chief complaint of fever and is diagnosed with Invasive aspergillosis Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis.

The patient in the case presents with a fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit accompanied by sweats and chills, fatigue, coughing, chest pains as well as occasional episodes of hemoptysis. I think the patient experiences these symptoms as an indication of an underlying chronic lung condition that has resulted in development of airspaces in the lungs. Aspergillomas, tangled masses of fungal fibers, have invaded the patient’s lung cavities and worsened the chronic lung infection causing these symptoms (Amarsaikhan, Tsoggerel, Hug & Templeton, 2019). Fever and chills, chest pains and coughs with hemoptysis indicate the presence of a severe most form of aspergillosis, Invasive aspergillosis. The symptoms occur because; the infection has rapidly spread from the lungs to the brain, skin, kidneys or heart. Considering that the patient works as a grain inspector at a large farm cooperative, he has a daily exposure to Aspergillus mold and inhalation of mold spores Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis. Since he also has rheumatoid arthritis, his immune system is suppressed making is possible for aspergillus to take hold, invading the lungs and spread to other parts of the body causing the symptoms. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis

Particular genes are considered to be associated with the development of Invasive aspergillosis. The susceptibility of hosts to fungal infections during immunosuppression is associated by polymorphisms in genes regulating the functions of the immune system. An example of these genes is mannose-binding lectin gene whose polymorphism causes recurrent chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis by binding on the cell wall component of the Aspergillus fumigatus (Amarsaikhan et al., 2019). The genes involved in the innate immunity as well as those encoding for toll-like receptor genes, chemokines and their receptors and also cytokines are genetically determinants of invasive aspergillosis susceptibility (Soo, 2018). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence the course and outcome of aspergillosis infections due to the frequent occurrence of human genome genetic variations.

The process of immunosuppression involves the reduction of the immune systems efficacy or activation (Justiz-Vaillant & Zito, 2019). This can be deliberately induced or no-deliberate. Deliberate immunosuppression is done to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant or treats graft-versus-host disease after auto-immune diseases treatment or bone marrow transplant. It involves the administration of medication and sometimes plasmapheresis, radiation or surgery. On the contrary, non-deliberate immunosuppression often occurs from deficiencies of T cells and B cells caused by immune system impairments. Immunosuppression process involves the repressing the formation of precursor cells, blocking or destroying the immunocompetent cells as well as suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of monocytes and lymphocytes (Amarsaikhan et al., 2019). This entails inhibiting the biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis

Effect of immunosuppression on the body systems include reduced cancer immunosurveillance making the understanding and treatment of cancer difficult. Moreover, it increases the host’s susceptibility to opportunistic infections which further weakens the immune system resulting in development of diseases and can cause death. The positive impact of immunosuppression is that it prevents the immune system from recognizing new organs as foreign. This improves the recovery outcomes of the patient. Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis.

References

Amarsaikhan, N., Tsoggerel, A., Hug, C., & Templeton, S. P. (2019). The Metabolic Cytokine Adiponectin Inhibits Inflammatory Lung Pathology in Invasive Aspergillosis. The Journal of Immunology, 203(4), 956-963.

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Soo, P. (2018, July 28). Pathophysiology Ch 10 alterations in immune function [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds . Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis Invasive aspergillosis Case Study Analysis